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ClonorchiasisClonorchiasis is an infectious disease caused by the Chinese liver fluke Clonorchis sinesis Clonorchis sinensis affects the distal bile ducts after transmission by ingestion of raw, smoked, or undercooked fish. Sometimes bile duct carcinoma extension to the liver may lead to fatty changes and cirrhosis. Humans become infected by eating raw, dried, salted, or pickled fish containing encysted metacercariae. The latter are released in the duodenum, enter the common bile duct, and migrate to smaller intrahepatic ducts (or occasionally the gallbladder and pancreatic ducts), where they mature into adult worms in about 1 mo. Heavier infections can cause fever, chills, epigastric pain, tender hepatomegaly, mild jaundice, and eosinophilia. Chronic cholangitis in heavy infections may progress to atrophy of liver parenchyma, portal fibrosis, and cirrhosis. The eggs are difficult to distinguish from those of Metagonimus , Heterophyes , and Opisthorchis . Other tests are nondiagnostic but may be abnormal; alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and eosinophil counts may be elevated. Treatment is with praziquantel 25 mg/kg po tid for 1 day or albendazole 10 mg/kg po once/day for 7 days. Biliary obstruction may require surgery. Symptoms of ClonorchiasisSome Symptoms of Clonorchiasis :
Treatment of Clonorchiasis
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